Tipos de variables

Tipos de variables

JavaScript tiene los siguientes tipos de variables:

  1. Number: para números, tanto enteros como decimales.
  2. String: para cadenas de caracteres.
  3. Boolean: para valores verdaderos o falsos.
  4. Array: para almacenar una colección de valores.
  5. Object: para almacenar un conjunto de pares propiedad-valor.
  6. Symbol: para crear valores únicos.
  7. null: para indicar que una variable no tiene un valor asignado.
  8. undefined: para indicar que una variable no ha sido definida.

Ejemplo:

JavaScript
var number = 25;
var name = "Audra";
var isStudent = true;
var grades = [90, 80, 75];
var person = {firstName: "Audra", lastName: "tu guia"};
var uniqueId = Symbol("id");
var emptyValue = null;
var notDefined;

Java tiene los siguientes tipos de variables:

  1. int: para números enteros.
  2. double: para números con decimales.
  3. float: para números con decimales.
  4. char: para caracteres.
  5. String: para cadenas de caracteres.
  6. boolean: para valores verdaderos o falsos.
  7. byte: para números enteros de 8 bits.
  8. short: para números enteros de 16 bits.
  9. long: para números enteros de 64 bits.

Ejemplo:

Java
int number = 25;
double decimalNumber = 3.14;
float anotherDecimalNumber = 2.718f;
char letter = 'A';
String name = "Audra";
boolean isStudent = true;
byte smallNumber = 100;
short mediumNumber = 20000;
long largeNumber = 1000000000;

Además, en Java existen los arreglos y los objetos, los cuales pueden almacenar múltiples valores y tienen características específicas.

Ejemplo:

Java
int[] grades = {90, 80, 75};
String[] names = {"Jane", "John", "Doe"};
Person person = new Person("Jane", "Doe");

En C#, los tipos de variables son:

  • Enteros: byte, short, int, long
  • Punto flotante: float, double
  • Booleanos: bool
  • Caracteres: char
  • Cadenas: string
  • Enum: Enumeraciones personalizadas
  • Objetos: cualquier tipo de clase o estructura
  • Arreglos: Arreglos unidimensionales o multidimensionales de cualquier tipo de dato.
  • Nullable: Variables que pueden tener el valor null.
  • Dynamic: Variables cuyo tipo es determinado en tiempo de ejecución.

Además de los tipos de variables mencionados anteriormente, en C# también se pueden utilizar tipos de variables genéricos (utilizando el operador < >) y tipos de variables anónimas. También existen las variables de referencia (utilizando el operador «ref») y las variables out (utilizando el operador «out»).

Es importante también mencionar que en C#, las variables deben ser declaradas antes de ser utilizadas y deben ser asignadas un valor inicial antes de ser utilizadas en cualquier operación.

C#
// Declaración de una variable de tipo entero
int numeroEntero = 5;

// Declaración de una variable de tipo decimal
decimal numeroDecimal = 3.14;

// Declaración de una variable de tipo cadena
string cadenaTexto = "Hola mundo";

// Declaración de una variable de tipo booleano
bool verdaderoOFalso = true;

// Declaración de una variable genérica
List<int> listaEnteros = new List<int>();

// Declaración de una variable anónima
var miVariableAnonima = new { Nombre = "Juan", Edad = 30 };

// Declaración de una variable de referencia
int numero = 10;
int otroNumero = 20;
ref int numeroReferencia = ref numero;
numeroReferencia = otroNumero;

// Declaración de una variable out
int numeroSalida;
ObtenerNumero(out numeroSalida);

En C++, los tipos de variables incluyen:

  • Enteros: int, short, long, long long
  • Punto flotante: float, double
  • Caracteres: char
  • Booleanos: bool
  • Cadenas de caracteres: string

Ejemplo:

C++
int edad = 25;
float altura = 1.75;
char inicial = 'J';
bool esMayor = true;
string nombre = "Lucas";

Es importante tener en cuenta que C++ también tiene el concepto de tipos de datos personalizados (structs y clases) y punteros.

En Python, los tipos de variables incluyen:

  • Enteros: int
  • Punto flotante: float
  • Cadenas de caracteres: str
  • Booleanos: bool
  • Listas: list
  • Tuplas: tuple
  • Diccionarios: dict
  • Conjuntos: set

Ejemplo:

Python
edad = 25
altura = 1.75
inicial = 'J'
esMayor = True
nombre = "Audra"

En python no existe un tipo de dato «char» ya que las cadenas de caracteres son muy flexibles y se pueden usar para contener un solo caracter.

En PHP, los tipos de variables son:

  • Integer (número entero)
  • Float (número con decimales)
  • String (cadena de caracteres)
  • Boolean (verdadero o falso)
  • Array (colección de valores)
  • Object (objeto)
  • Resource (recurso externo, como una conexión a una base de datos)
  • NULL (valor nulo)

Ejemplo:

PHP
<?php
$numero = 5; // Integer
$decimal = 2.5; // Float
$nombre = "Juan"; // String
$verdadero = true; // Boolean
$colores = array("rojo", "verde", "azul"); // Array
class Car {
    function Car() {
        $this->model = "VW";
    }
}
$auto = new Car(); // Object
$conexion = mysqli_connect("localhost", "usuario", "contraseña", "nombre_bd"); // Resource
$sinValor = NULL; // NULL
?>
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